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Some museums are still reluctant to install wet-pipe systems because the piping contains water. It is fast, effective, simple to maintain, and relatively inexpensive. The most reliable sprinkler system on the market today is the traditional wet-pipe system. Special systems are not required to protect collections against water damage. Sprinklers are very rugged, and are made to withstand far greater water pressures than required. The danger of accidental water discharge is often exaggerated. Pre-action and cycling systems are not recommended for museum collections because they totally depend on a fire detection system to activate. This opinion is supported by the National Research Council of Canada in testing on/off sprinklers for the National Library of Canada. Whether they flow for 15 or 25 minutes will not substantially alter the amount of water damage to collections located in the fire area. Expectations of reduced water damage may have been exaggerated, because on/off sprinklers opened by fire must operate for a minimum length of time before shutting themselves off. Approximately 1800 on/off sprinklers had to be replaced by conventional sprinklers in the book stacks of the Adams and Jefferson buildings because of a rare manufacturing defect. They are very expensive to purchase and to install, are often a maintenance nuisance, and are less reliable than conventional wet-pipe systems. On/off sprinklers, pre-action systems, and cycling systems are some examples. Some museums have installed elaborate sprinkler systems designed to reduce the risk of water damage. Reliability can theoretically exceed 99%, which is probably as high or higher than the reliability of any fire protection system. basement level only), inadequate water supply due to poor design calculations, freezing, and extensive dry-pipe systems are some causes of system failures. Lack of water as a result of closed valves, partial sprinkler protection (e.g. Endnote 2 Most failures could have been prevented through good design and maintenance practices. Furthermore, Australian Fire Protection Association statistics reveal a 99.5% reliability rate based on all fires involving sprinkler systems in Australia and in New Zealand from 1886 to 1968. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), from 1897 to 1969, sprinkler systems provided satisfactory performance in almost 96% of fire incidents Endnote 1 in over 80,000 fires involving sprinklers. The reliability of sprinkler systems is quite impressive. This Note provides important information to help museum staff make the right choices from the beginning. Selecting the best sprinkler system can be a daunting task for any museum manager. Sprinkler systems are currently the most effective means available to protect collections from fire and more museums are installing them than ever before. They deliver water at the rate of approximately 113.75 L (25 gallons) per minute at the seat of the fire, whereas fire department hoses deliver about 10 times that amount, with extreme pressure directed in a general area of the fire, at times damaging more collections than necessary.
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Sprinklers cause much less water damage than do fire department hoses. They are not activated by smoke, only by heat (normally between 57 and 77☌).
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Contrary to notions that sprinkler heads activate all at once, they do so only as required, one by one, and usually one to three sprinklers are sufficient to control a fire. The myths that caused museum Footnote † staff to fear water damage from sprinkler systems have gradually been debunked.
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#Fire sprinkler system design jobs new zealand pdf
( PDF Version, 1.33 MB) CCI Note 2/8 is part of CCI Notes Series 2 (Preventive Conservation) Introduction